The law states that the force of gravity remains the same in terms of strength from moment to moment. An explanation of this is possible with Noether’s theorem. According to the theorem, there’s a law of conservation attached to a symmetry of nature wherever it exists. This theorem has been named after Emmy Noether. She was among the greatest mathematicians from the 20th century.

Early years

Amalie Emmy Noether was born in 1882 in Bavaria, which is now a federal state in Germany. She earned a doctorate in mathematics during the early 20th century from the University of Erlangen. During those days, it had the reputation of a socially progressive institution. She taught at Earlangen while staying there for several years. At the time, women were technically not allowed to teach at German universities.

David Hilbert, who was one of the prominent mathematicians of the time, invited her to the University of Gottingen. She remained there between 1916 and 1933. Following the First World War, there was a liberalization of laws in Germany. She was able to get a teaching position, but was still receiving lesser salary for her work.

Immigration to the United States

In 1933, Adolf Hitler became the German chancellor. The Nazi activity around Germany increased significantly after this event. Among the Hitler administration’s first actions were the removal of Jews from their jobs. Only those who had shown loyalty to Germany by serving in the First World War were spared. As a result, Noether lost her right to teach at the University of Gottingen.

She calmly accepted her expulsion to provide support for others during those troubled times. The representatives of Bryn Mawr got in touch with Noether and this led to the approval of her grant later on. During late 1933, she took a position at Bryn Mawr. A year later, she accepted the position of a lecturer in Princeton at the Institute for Advanced Study.

Death

Noether had to be on bed rest after the doctors told her about a tumor in her pelvis. To avoid prolonging surgery, two smaller tumors in her uterus were not removed. She showed signs of recovery, but fell unconscious on the 14th of April. She died after her temperature soared to 109 degrees Fahrenheit. All of these events happened in the April of 1935. She was 53 years of age at the time of her death.

Legacy

The physicists hold Emmy Noether in high regard for her theorem, which she developed in 1918. Mathematicians are now familiar with Noether equations, Noether modules, and many other works. During her career, she had developed much of the abstract algebra of modern times.

She also developed the syntax and grammar of mathematics, which was of great help for scientists. Her way of treating symmetries has influenced the mathematical aspects of superstring theory and quantum mechanics. Today, almost every physicist uses Noether’s theorem while working with conservation laws and symmetry.

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She came up with many theories, but it’s the Noether’s theorem that became a key to her fame. If you wish to find out more about this great mathematician, here are some of the books we recommend:

1. Proving It Her Way: Emmy Noether, a Life in Mathematics

This book focuses on the important figures in Emmy Noether’s life. It also shows how she promoted many other talented individuals selflessly, thus building their careers. Proving It Her Way aims to convey this remarkable mathematician’s personality and her impact on modern mathematics. You’ll be surprised to know that this was despite the fact that she never had a regular professorship.

This book is for a general audience and is more of a study. It tries to uncover the human dimensions of the key relationships that Noether had with mathematicians of the younger generation. It also presents a fresh perspective on Noether’s extraordinary career.

2. Emmy Noether: The Most Important Mathematician You’ve Never Heard Of

This is a picture book on Emmy Noether and presents an engaging account of this renowned female mathematician. It tells the reader that she had defied all social expectations. She was neither quiet nor good at doing the household chores. Instead, she was exceptionally brilliant at math. She first studied math at a university and then went on to teach it to others.

Emmy Noether also had solutions to the most pressing problems in physics and mathematics at the time. You feel sad upon learning that she didn’t get much credit for this during her lifetime. Today, the discoveries that she came up with influence many across the world.

3. Emmy Noether: The Mother of Modern Algebra

Teenage girls would find this book quite fascinating. The book will certainly appeal to them, as it tells the tale of a young woman who finds fame and happiness. Interestingly, she doesn’t find them in a Prince Charming but in her mathematical theories. This book is a wonderful biography of Emmy Noether.

It tells her story in an engaging way with a certain level of literary creativity. You’ll be able to enjoy the supposed dialogue that it generates. In this book, Emmy Noether is presented as a woman of substance. She was someone who never really came under the influence of the trappings of pomp and style.

4. Emmy Noether’s Wonderful Theorem

Upon reading this book, you’ll get a more updated expanation of the first theorem of Emmy Noether. The discussion has been expanded in this book into a presentation, which is more detailed. It also explains her second theorem’s proof, motivation, and application. This includes Emmy Noether’s concerns about general relativity. The new edition has come with several other refinements.

Among them is an extended biography of Noether’s life and work. The refinements also include parallels that have been drawn between her original paper and the present approach. You’ll also find a summary of the logic behind her popular theorem, which is the Noether’s theorem.

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